Advances in aluminum anodizing

White anodize is applied to aluminum alloy surfaces by specific surface preparation, anodizing, pigmentation, and sealing techniques. The development techniques resulted in alloys, which are used in space vehicles, with good reflectance values and excellent corrosive resistance

Desmotheca (Orthotrichaceae) : Gondwanan fragmentation and the origin of a Southeast Asian genus

Desmotheca Lindberg was proposed in 1872 as a replacement name for the illegitimate Cryptocarpon Dozy & Molk. (1844) and Cryptocarpus Dozy & Molk. (1846). Seven names have been placed in these genera, from which two species appear to be taxonomically valid. Desmotheca apiculata (Dozy & Molk.) Card. occurs from New Caledonia and New Guinea west to Indonesia and the Andaman Islands, north to Burma, Thailand, Vietnam and Mindanao in the Philippines, while D. brachiata (Hook. & Wils.) Vitt comb. nova is restricted to the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The evolution and dispersal of this genus can be related to the northward movement of Gondwanan island blocks during the Cretaceous

Cryogenic anti-friction bearing with inner race

This invention consists of a bearing designed to operate in a cryogenic environment and which has an inner raceway generally constructed as an annular band fitted by an interference fit to a rotating shaft. A pair of annular tension bands are fitted onto opposed sides of the band and function to firmly clamp the raceway to the shaft. This occurs because the tension bands are constructed of a material which, when cooled to approximately -335 F shrinks more than the raceway and the shaft to which it is fitted. The bands further relax somewhat at room temperature and permit the interference fit between the raceway and the shaft to be sized such that the raceway is not overly stressed

FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCER BARGAINING POWER IN SOUTHERN FLUID MILK MARKETS

Industrial Organization,

ADMINISTERED PRICING BY COOPERATIVES: EFFECT ON PRODUCER AND CONSUMER PRICES AND SALES OF FLUID MILK

Demand and Price Analysis,

DISCUSSION: AGRICULTURAL PRICES IN THE 1970'S: HOW WILL VALUE BE ESTABLISHED?

Demand and Price Analysis,

RECYCLING OF SOLID WASTES - A CLASSIC PROBLEM IN SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Environmental Economics and Policy,

Elements of latent learning in a maze environment

A general purpose learning program is described which demonstrates a latent learning ability by operating at two separate goal pursuit levels. At one level are the constant, implicit goals associated with the system's memory management mechanisms. At the higher level are the dynamic, explicit behavioral goals which the implicit goals enable by manipulating memory representations to conform to the external surroundings. The program is shown to negotiate a simulated maze environment by the step-wise refinement of its latently learned experiences

Effect of Turf Fungicides on Earthworms

Numerous turf fungicides were tested under various conditions for possible deleterious effects upon the earthworm Eisenla foetida. Earthworms treated by immersion for one minute in 0.1% solutions of 10 different fungicides died insignificant numbers after benomyl and thiophanate methyl treatments. After 1% fungicide treatments, there was significant mortality from benomyl, ethazole, Kromad, and thiophanate methyl fungicides. With 2% fungicide solutions, significant numbers died after benomyl, cadmium succinate, ethazole, thiophanate methyl, and thiram treatments. Earthworms fed bermudagrass clippings treated with 10 different fungicides showed a significant decrease in longevity from clippings treated with benomyl, dinocap, ethazole, and thiophanate methyl. Earthworms reared for 84 days in soil treated with 15 different turf fungicides showed a significant decrease in longevity from soil treated with aniyaline, benomyl, chlorothalonil, Duoson, ethazole, fenaminosulf, Kromad, mancozeb, PCNB, thiabendazole, thiophanate methyl, and thiram. Cadmium succinate, dinocap, and RP 26019 did not cause a decrease in longevity. There was no reproduction by worms in soil treated with Duosan, PCNB, thiophanate methyl, and thiram, and only trace amounts in soil treated with chlorothalonil, ethazole, and Kromad. The toxicity of benomyl, thiabendazole, and thiophanate methyl to earthworms was confirmed in the present study, and additional fungicides used for turf disease control were also found to cause significant amounts of mortality

Learning and memory in machines and animals : an AI model that accounts for some neurobiological data

The CEL model of learning and memory (Components of Episodic Learning) [Granger 1982, 1983a, 1983b] provides a process model of certain aspects of learning and memory in animals and humans. The model consists of a set of asynchronous and semi-independent functional operators that collectively create and modify memory traces as a result of experience. The model conforms to relevant results in the learning literature of psychology and neurobiology. There are two goals to this work: one is to create a set of working learning systems that will improve their performance on the basis of experience, and the other is to compare these systems' performance with that of living systems, as a step towards the eventual comparative characterizations of different learning systems.Parts of the model have been implemented in the CEL-0 program, which operates in a 'Maze-World' simulated maze environment. The program exhibits simple exploratory behavior that leads to the acquisition of predictive and discriminatory schemata. A number of interesting theoretical predictions have arisen in part from observation of the operation of the program, some of which are currently being tested in neurobiological experiments. In particular, some neurobiological evidence for the existence of multiple, seperable memory systems in humans and animals is interpreted in terms of the model, and some new experiments are suggested arising from the model's predictions